Orphans, widows and rivers (OUGD404)

When designing our own books for this brief we will need to show our knowledge and understanding of orphans, widows and rivers which are all considered bad things when typesetting. But we can choose how we use them to demonstrate our understanding. 

Orphan is when you have one word on a line at the end of a paragraph, you can get rid of these by playing with the tracking on lines of text or moving words onto the next line until it adds more words on the bottom line. Widows are when you have one line at the end of a paragraph on its own in a separate column, you can get rid of these by reducing leading, splitting up your paragraphs or widening your column.

Rivers are the gaps between words you can follow vertically through your column. They're most common in justified type and can be solved by flushing your type left or right. You still see them in flushed type sometimes but they can be solved by editing tracking.